Mutli-Agent Based Modeling - 699 Words

Multi Agent System/Agent Based Modeling Multi-agent systems are among the methods used for modeling and simulating Natural Disaster emergencies. The terminology of Agent Based System tends to be used more often in the sciences and Multi Agent System in engineering and technology. The Agent Based System is gradually replacing the micro-simulation techniques and object-oriented simulation. Agent Based System has ability to capture different dynamic models which usually consist of simple entities or more complex entities. We have proposed a specific agent-based methodological framework allowing, from modeling to simulation, the production of observables at different levels of details related to a Natural Disaster organization. A Multi Agent System can model the behavior of a set of entities. Agents have a degree of autonomy and are immersed in an environment in which and with which they interact. Modelers can use Multi Agent System to create computer representations of dynamic events such as Natural Disaster emergency. Therefore, the application of Multi Agent System in this area could help managers to experiment all possible scenarios of a disaster and assist them in making decisions. A multi-agent based system is a powerful modeling technique for simulating individual interactions in a dynamic system and is distinctive in its ability to simulate situations with unpredictable behavior Earlier researches have focused on modeling of the rescue during Natural Disasters, butShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of Production And Utilization4645 Words   |  19 Pagesresearch, the supply chain concept grew largely out of two-stage multi-echelon inventory models, and it is important to note that considerable progress has been made in the design and analysis of two-echelon systems. Most of the research in this area is based on the classic work of Clark and Scarf (1960) and Clark and Scarf (1962). The interested reader is referred to Federgruen (1993) and Bhatnagar, et. al. (1993) for comprehensive reviews of models of this type. More recent discussions of two-echelonRead MoreGlobalization Of Production And Consumption Builds Weight On Firms9648 Words   |  39 Pagesthe quantity of associations, while reliance alludes to subjective viewpoints, for example, the level and kind of interdependencies between connections (Standish, 2008). From the frameworks and system hypothesis points of view, supply chain is a mutli-dimensioned system of interconnected, reliant hubs with non-straight connections that plan to give worth to the client overall (Ivanov and Sokolov, 2009). By standing out this definition from the above meaning of many-sided quality we view supply chains

Persuasive Essay On The Atomic Bomb - 1037 Words

During the early morning of August 6, 1945, after numerous years of conflict between the US and Japan in the Pacific, the Enola Gay, an American B-29 bomber, loaded with a new and destructive weapon, soared across the sky over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Seconds later, that new weapon- an atomic bomb that released its destructive energy by the splitting of uranium atoms- lit up the sky, killing nearly 80,000 Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, the United States dropped a second bomb on the Japanese city of Nagasaki, which resulted in about 40,000 more instant deaths. Thousands of more Japanese civilians died over time due to radiation sickness, leukemia, and other types of cancer. After losing thousands of people,†¦show more content†¦Although Truman realized that â€Å"an atomic bomb explosion would inflict damage and casualties beyond imagination,† he believed it would be the most effective approach in destroying the heartless nation of Japan (do c 1). Harry Truman also concluded that an invasion of Japan could cost as many as 1,000,000 American casualties. Therefore, if the US used atomic bombs against Japan, Japan would hopefully surrender, thus decreasing the number of American casualties. In agreement with Truman, Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, explained that the destruction of HIroshima and Nagasaki â€Å"stopped the fire raids, and the strangling blockade; it ended the ghastly specter of a clash of great land armies† (doc 3). An end to the massive number of bombs dropped, the blockade (?), and the horrific menace between Allied and Axis powers, caused the death toll in the Pacific to adequately decrease. In addition to saving thousands of American lives, it was in the United State’s best interest to force the Japanese to surrender, and to put an end to the immense fighting that occurred in the Pacific. In stark contrast to Admiral William Leahy’s opinion that â€Å"the Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender,† there was never an indication that the Japanese were going to surrender, let alone accept unconditional surrender (doc 2). As displayed during many battles with Japan, for instance Iwo Jima, the Japanese would sooner kill themselves than surrender. JapaneseShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On The Atomic Bomb1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductionï’ £ In 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped over Japan on Hiroshima and Nagasaki which resulted in thousands of civilian deaths and a detrimental impact on the environment. Some people would say that the bombing was necessary to end the war, but in the same breath would say that it was inhumane. Other standpoints say that Japan was already on their way to surrender. What would the world be like if the bombs weren’t dropped; or even created? Other Optionsï’ £ When thinking of other optionsRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Atomic Bomb1602 Words   |  7 Pagesfunding for the American-led effort to develop an atomic weapon. This project was codenamed â€Å"The Manhattan Project.† The original motivation to create an atomic bomb was out of fear that Nazi Germany was pursuing their own atomic project. When the United States successfully tested their nuclear weapon in July 1945, Germany had already surrendered, and the focus of the Allied powers was on the defeat of Imperial Japan. Ultimately, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japanese cities in early August 1945Read MoreWhy the United States Dropped the Atomic Bomb: Persuasive Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe atomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first detonation in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this time due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United States was looking for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and NagasakiRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki982 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, upon reading Takaki’s HiroshimaRead MoreIf Black English Isn t A Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?1434 Words   |  6 Pagesview language as a persuasive political instrument and others view it as a m eans of expression and empowerment. In the essay â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?† by James Baldwin, he was able to illustrate the history of the discrimination of language and how Black English is not accepted as its own language. Baldwin also shows that due to the lack of acknowledgement of Black English, it lacks the power it needs to empower the people who speak it. In the essay â€Å"Politics and theRead MoreLanguage : A Political Instrument1449 Words   |  6 Pagesview language as a persuasive political instrument and others view it as a means of expression and empowerment. In the essay â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?† by James Baldwin, he was able to illustrate the history of the discrimination of language and how black English is not accepted as its own language. Baldwin also shows that due to the lack of acknowledgement of black English, it lacks the power it needs to empower the p eople who speak it. In the essay â€Å"Politics and theRead MoreLanguage : A Political Instrument1460 Words   |  6 Pagesview language as a persuasive political instrument and others view it as a means of expression and empowerment. In the essay â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?† by James Baldwin, he was able to illustrate the history of the discrimination of language and how black English is not accepted as its own language. Baldwin, also, shows that due to the lack of acknowledgement of black English, it lacks the power it needs to empower the people who speak it. In the essay â€Å"Politics and theRead MoreIlluminati Paper Persuasive1717 Words   |  7 PagesManar khateeb Mr. Carli Persuasive (Final Draft) Com 102 6:30 March 20, 2011 The Illuminati The illuminati are a secret society that infiltrated government to rule the world. It all started in Bavaria on May 1st 1776 by group of European higher ups lead by Adam Weishaupt. Adams philosophy was that the Illuminati should one day rule the world with a one world government, or a new world order. Adam Weishaupt said, â€Å"The great strength of our order lies in its concealment, let it never appear inRead MoreZadeh Rhetorical Analysis1952 Words   |  8 Pagesmakes sure to back up his claims with facts given by very credible sources and personal involvement. Since he is a co founder/CEO of Zoosk, his credibility can be seen by his obvious successes, as Zoosk is a multimillion dollar company. Zadeh’s essay is persuasive because he depicts his and other immigrant’s experiences in a well-supported, convincing, and very heartfelt way and ultimately shows us that America would benefit significantly if we permitted and supported hardworking and dedicated immigrantsRea d MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Consequences of Algal Blooms free essay sample

If there is a decrease in the number of grazers in the environment in which the algae are occurring, the algae would thrive as there would be not be enough of these available on the algae to keep the algae population under control. Temperature plays a key factor as most algae especially blue-green algae thrive in warmer temperatures. The optimal temperature for algae growth is usually 25 ? C and most algae are not able to survive in cold conditions. An increase in nutrients is also a factor in the increase in algal blooms. When nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrogen enters water ways from agricultural land and through soil erosion this causes an increase in algal blooms since nutrients encourage growth of algae. This process is known as eutrophication and is an increasing problem globally. Algal blooms out compete organisms and decolorize water. Some algae are able to produce toxins known as neurotoxins and are referred to as Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB’s). The cyanobacteria which are blue-green produce harmful toxins which have harmful effects on humans, birds, shellfish, fishes and other marine organisms. A few forms in which HAB’s can occur are red tides and golden tides. Red tides belong to a group of dinoflagelates and are produced by microscopic alga called Karenia brevis, and golden tides belong to the group chrysophyta. There are many consequences of the occurrence of HAB’s such as death of aquatic life, health and economic effects. The accumulation of algal blooms affects aquatic life in many ways. Too much algae clogs the gills of fish thereby irritating the gills of the fish and eventually suffocating them since it is difficult for the gills to take in oxygen. When there is a rapid increase in algae, they use up all the available nutrients needed for their survival such as Phosphorus and nitrogen. This causes mass mortality of the algae which causes bacteria which assist in the decaying process of the algae to increase. These bacteria use up most of the oxygen supply in the water causing aquatic organisms which depend on oxygen for survival to die or migrate. Some algae release dinoflagellate toxins which are very deadly and have been known to kill mussels, fish and abalone which ingest and digest these deadly toxins. Marine animals are not only affected animals such as cattle, fish, birds, sheep, pigs and a variety of other animals have died through the inhalation and consumption of these species. Humans are also affected by the toxins released by algal blooms. When humans inhale the toxins released by the algae this has many harmful effects. Also, when fish and shellfish consume algae the toxins accumulates inside their body. When larger organisms feed on them the toxins are passed up the food chain and eventually to humans who eat seafood. Some of the diseases which occur in humans due to toxins found on algae include Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, (NSP), Brevetoxin/repiratory irritation (BRI) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). CFP is a gastrointestinal illness caused by a marine toxin called ciguatoxin or maititoxin. Ciguatoxin has a tendency to accumulate inside large fish such as barracudas, snappers, and other marine fish. CFP is then transferred to the humans through consumption. Symptoms due to the contraction of CFP include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, increased heartbeats and tingling of hands and feet. NSP is caused through the consumption of infected shellfish. This leads to severe symptoms such as respiratory problems, diarrhea and vomiting. BRI is caused through the inhalation of harmful toxins released by the HAB’s. The symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, sneezing and eye irritation. ASP is caused by the accumulation of domic acid in shell fish which are produced by the organisms Pseudo-nitzschia. The effects of the consumption of the affected food by humans include confusion, memory loss, disorientation, stress and in some cases result in coma and death. There are many economic consequences due to the accumulation of algal blooms. Many industries, fisheries and shell fish beds have been either closed, or decreased in their number of productions. Fish sales decline because consumers are afraid of purchasing fish for fear of toxins. This causes fish vendors to lose a lot of sales and money and many fall into bankruptcy. Closure of many tourism and recreational facilities has also resulted in mass economic losses skyrocketing into the millions, especially for countries which depend on tourism as their primary source of income. Health impacts have also caused severe financial losses as a lot of money now has to be allocated for the treatment and cure of the diseases caused by algal blooms. Many water systems and supplies have also been contaminated by algal blooms, this result in increased cost of water purification methods in order to make water potable. Also, Governments must now allocate finances for the prevention and treatment of algal blooms. The aquaculture industry have also been impacted economically due to blooms namely Heterosigma threatening to destroy endangered salmon thereby impacting on the salmon industry. There are many ways in which algal blooms can be monitored and kept under control. The Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act which was established in 1998 which recognizes the impact of algal blooms to aquatic life, human health and coastal systems. Through this act there are many implementations put in place to help monitor and prevent these HAB’s. There are now programs in place which monitor the outbreaks of algal blooms and in which there is constant testing of shellfish and fish. Monitoring of water for the occurrence of dead fishes, beaching of marine life and observation of colour appearing in water are done to detect the outbreak of neurotoxins so that warnings can be issued when found. Also, research is being done for the detection of toxic phytoplankton in water ways. In this way methods can be done to prevent outbreaks before they even occur. Satellite monitoring is also one of the methods implemented for the detection of offshore blooms. This method allows for warning and alerting areas of potential outbreaks before it occurs so that methods can be put in place for their prevention. Algal blooms have many consequences. They threaten the breakdown of ecosystems, kill marine life, and have many harmful effects on humans. They also have huge economic effects and cost millions of dollars in losses and millions have to be spent for their prevention and control. Although algae are a vital part of the aquatic system in that it provides food and shelter to many organisms. Too much of a good thing can be a bad thing. Therefore algal blooms need to be prevented and kept under control so that there would be an aquatic ecosystem in the future for everyone to admire and enjoy.